This September is the 357th anniversary of the Great Fire of London, which swept through the city in the first week of September, 1666.
The fire broke out in a bakery on Pudding Lane shortly after midnight on Sunday, 2 September, and spread rapidly.
Over the next five days, it ravaged large parts of the northern bank of the River Thames, including:
- St Paul's Cathedral and 87 parish churches;
- the Royal Exchange and the Custom House;
- 44 company halls (trade halls, guild halls, and the like);
- the Bridewell Palace and other city prisons;
- the General Letter Office;
- the three western city gates - Ludgate, Newgate, and Aldersgate; and
- around 13,500 houses (15% of the city’s housing).
By the time it was extinguished, it had destroyed large parts of the northern bank of the city, causing £10,000,000 damage (£1.72 billion in today’s terms), and displacing 200,000 people.
As well as causing physical changes to London, the Great Fire had significant demographic, social, political, economic, and cultural impacts.
It also led to strict new fire regulations and building codes imposed in London in 1667 to reduce the risk of future fires, prevent their spread, and make them easier to extinguish, and led to the emergence of some of the first insurance companies.
From this seminal event has come much of what we recognise today as fire protection, from building regulations and passive fire protection to organised fire brigades and even insurance.
This September, National Fire Protection Month will highlight the importance of our industry to the ongoing safety of the community, the support it provides to firefighters, and the protection of life, property, and the environment.